What to know about Lung Nodules:

What is a Lung Nodule?

A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is an abnormal growth or mass that forms in the lungs.

• There can be one or several nodules.
• Nodules can develop on both lungs, in any location.
• Lung nodules are common. Up to 1/3 of adults who get chest X-rays or CT scans have a nodule.
• Small, solid nodules in the lower part of the lungs may have a higher chance of being benign (non-cancerous).
• Other signs, like calcification or having a high number of lung nodules, are indications that the nodule is benign.

Other factors considered

There are a range of factors to consider to assess where your lung nodule came from. Your doctor may ask you questions about your personal or family health history to help. Other information comes from the image where your nodule was found.

• The size of the nodule is often used as a starting point. Smaller nodules are more
  likely to be benign (non-cancerous) compared to larger nodules.
  
• The shape of the nodule is another important aspect to look at. Spiculated
  nodules, have spikes or points around the edges rather than a smooth border and
  may indicate a higher risk of cancer.
  
• The location of the nodule in your lungs can also be informative. Nodules in the
  lower parts of your lungs are more likely to be benign (non-cancerous) compared to
  those in the upper parts of your lungs

The structure of the nodule helps the doctor decide what to do next.

Lung nodules are small growths (less than 30mm) in the lungs

Your doctor may also look at the density of the nodule. Non-solid nodules have a halo around it or look more transparent on the image. The density of the nodule may help decide what the best next steps are for diagnosis.

• Inflammation from autoimmune diseases or lung disease, like sarcoidosis and rheumatoid arthritis
• Irritants and pollutants in the air
• Infection in the lungs, like pneumonia and tuberculosis
• Scar tissue from previous inflammation
• Fungal infections, like histoplasmosis

Who is at risk for developing a lung nodule?

Any person can develop a lung nodule. You may be higher risk due to:

• Smoking history
• Increased age
• History of prior cancer
• Exposure to toxins or pollution

What are the next steps when a lung nodule is found?

Your lung nodule should be assessed by your doctor or a specialist. Certain characteristics of the lung nodule itself indicate the chances that it might be cancerous.

• Multiple or single nodules
• Structure of the nodule (solid or non-solid)
• Nodule size
• Nodule shape
• Nodule location
• Other health conditions
• Patient preference
• Patient’s immune status

Physicians use this information to help assess your risk, which helps to guide the next steps for managing your lung nodule.

Have a discussion with your doctor to understand your level of cancer risk or health conditions and what path forward is best for you.